Health and Safety Training Manual
Chapter 5 - Manual Handling
Manual handling or strain injuries can keep farm workers away from work for
weeks at a time. They can happen from lifting, pushing, pulling, carrying,
lowering, holding or restraining.
Injuries occur through:
- Increased wear and tear or damage, e.g. from intense or strenuous
manual activity;
- Gradual wear and tear, e.g. from frequent or prolonged periods
of activity (continuous handling of hay bales); heavy or awkward lifts;
- Sudden damage, e.g. from unexpected movement (carrying a heavy
object over uneven ground, stumbling, tripping or falling).
Spot the hazard
Conduct safety audits of all farm jobs involving manual handling. Take note
of heavy, stressful, awkward or repetitive activities. Check injury records
to see which activities have caused most strain injuries. Look for difficult
handling jobs that could be made easier.
Assess the risk
Assess the likelihood of each identified hazard resulting in injury or harm.
Use injury records to assess the potential risk of various tasks. If you consider
there is a significant risk of serious injury, look for the best way to minimize
the risk.
Make the changes
- Plan ahead. Consider the safest possible ways of lifting, carrying,
holding, lowering, pushing, pulling.
- Eliminate unnecessary tasks.
- Avoid double handling.
- Use mechanical aids.
- Carry out a safety check first.
Lighten the load
- Where possible, choose lightweight materials.
- Divide heavy loads into smaller loads.
- Purchase in smaller bags.
- Half fill containers.
- Get help to share the load.
Reduce bending, twisting, reaching
- Point your feet in the direction of the load you are carrying.
- Keep tools and equipment within easy reach.
- Build benches to waist height.
- Keep frequently used items at waist height.
Follow a safe procedure
- Plan the handling.
- Clear the way.
- Wear appropriate protective clothing.
Correct body techniques
- When lifting a load from ground level, bend knees, keep back straight,
keep load close to your body, lift with leg muscles, support forearms with
knees,
and support the load with your body.
- When lowering a load, use leg muscles and lower the load by bending
your knees, not your back. Where possible, support forearms on knees.
Avoid muscle fatigue
- Warm up first.
- Take frequent breaks.
- Change jobs to use different muscles.
- Gradually get used to the job.
- Ensure the tractor seat is well sprung.
- Adopt good posture when standing or sitting at a job.
- Instead of crouching or squatting for low jobs, use a small stool.
Mechanical aids
Consider using:
- Trolleys for heavy bags, drums or other weighty, awkward items;
- Special trolleys to move and tilt 200 liter (55 gallon) drums;
- Picket drivers for fencing;
- Small mobile hoists or forklifts;
- A fixed hoist on a utility or truck;
- Mobile ramps or skids for loading and unloading trucks;
- Crow bars, barrows, pulleys, hooks and jacks.
Safelty Training Manual
College of Agricultural Sciences
Oregon State University
